The beauty industry prefers you to think about serums, because serums are where the margins live. But ask any dermatologist what causes the most avoidable skin trouble and the answer is usually mundane: the wrong cleanser used too vigorously, followed by a moisturiser that is either too thin to help or so heavily fragranced it provokes irritation. Get these two steps right and everything layered on top works better. Get them wrong and no amount of retinol will save you.
Why "gentle" is not a soft word
Healthy skin sits at a slightly acidic surface pH, roughly 4.5 to 5.5, a fact underlying the "acid mantle" concept first described by German researchers in the late 1920s. Traditional bar soaps are alkaline and can strip lipids, leaving that familiar squeaky, tight feeling. That sensation is not cleanliness; it is your barrier complaining. Modern syndet (synthetic detergent) cleansers, popularised by products such as the original Dove Beauty Bar in the 1950s, clean effectively at a skin-friendly pH. Look for mild surfactants and expect a soft, comfortable finish.
The cleanser roundup
- Worth it
Cream or lotion cleansers
Low-foam, fragrance-free and comfortable for dry, mature and sensitive skin. Massage for thirty seconds, rinse with lukewarm water. The default recommendation of this column.
- Worth it
Gentle gel cleansers
Good for oily and combination skin and humid climates. Choose ones described as low-pH or sulphate-free, and stop if your face feels tight afterwards.
- Situational
Oil or balm cleansers
The first half of the Japanese and Korean "double cleanse". Excellent for removing sunscreen and long-wear make-up, unnecessary on bare-skin days.
- Situational
Micellar water
Invented in France for areas with hard tap water and still a pharmacy staple in Paris. Fine for a quick morning swipe or travel; follow with a rinse if you wear heavy make-up.
- Skip
Harsh scrubs and cleansing brushes
Jagged walnut-shell scrubs and daily spinning brushes cause micro-irritation for many people. If you want exfoliation, use a gentle chemical exfoliant once or twice a week instead.
If your face feels squeaky after washing, your cleanser has done too much, not too well.
